Pellet as a Technological Nutrient within the Circular Economy Model: Comparative Analysis of Combustion Efficiency and CO and NOx Emissions for Pellets from Olive and Almond Trees

Valentín Molina-Moreno,Juan Leyva-Díaz,Jorge Sánchez-Molina

doi:10.3390/en9100777

Valentín Molina-Moreno, Juan Leyva-Díaz + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en9100777

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Abstract

This study analyzes the operation of Biomass System (BIO System) technology for the combustion of pellets from almond and olive trees within the circular economy model. Its aims are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as waste removal and its energy use by reintroducing that waste into the production process as technological nutrient. In order to do so, combustion efficiency under optimal conditions at nominal power was analyzed. In addition, a TESTO 350-XL analyzer was employed to measure CO and NOx emissions. High combustion efficiency values were obtained, 87.7% and 86.3%, for pellets from olive tree and almond tree, respectively. The results of CO and NOx emission levels were very satisfactory. Under conditions close to nominal power, CO emission levels were 225.3 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from almond tree and 351.6 ppm at 6% O2 for pellet from olive tree. Regarding NOx emissions, the values were 365.8 ppm at 6% O2 and 333.2 ppm at 6% O2 for pellets from almond tree and olive tree, respectively. In general, these values were below those legally established by current legislation in European countries. Therefore, BIO System technology is a perfectly feasible option in terms of energy use and circular economy.

Highlights

The dependence on energy resulting from the use of fossil fuels and the growing environmental concern have been the main reasons for the increase in the use of biomass as a renewable energy source for electrical and thermal energy generation, in the European Union countries [1,2,3].With this aim in mind, both the 2015 Paris Climate Conference and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change developed a roadmap in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the year2020
Worked with pellet from olive tree whose characteristics were similar to those used in this study
Once emissions of pollutant gases and efficiency calculations have been carried out, the results obtained are highly acceptable, with levels of CO emissions below those legally required by current legislation in European countries and high combustion efficiency, with values of 87.7% for pellet from olive tree and 86.3% for pellet from almond tree

Summary

Introduction

The dependence on energy resulting from the use of fossil fuels and the growing environmental concern have been the main reasons for the increase in the use of biomass as a renewable energy source for electrical and thermal energy generation, in the European Union countries [1,2,3].With this aim in mind, both the 2015 Paris Climate Conference and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change developed a roadmap in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the year2020. The dependence on energy resulting from the use of fossil fuels and the growing environmental concern have been the main reasons for the increase in the use of biomass as a renewable energy source for electrical and thermal energy generation, in the European Union countries [1,2,3]. With this aim in mind, both the 2015 Paris Climate Conference and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change developed a roadmap in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the year. The exploitation of biomass for energy production has gained great popularity in recent years [8,9,10,11]

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