Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a checklist of the reef fish fauna of the Anchieta Island State Park, a no-take zone in which no extractive activities are allowed, in Ubatuba, Southeastern Brazil. Data was obtained between 2011 and 2013, mainly through underwater observations with snorkelling and SCUBA, and secondarily using scientific fishing (trawling). Published and unpublished data were also verified and compiled. A total of 103 reef fish species, distributed in 78 genus and 50 families was recorded. Haemulidae was the richest family (n=7 species), followed by Epinephelidae (n=6), Pomacentridae, Carangidae and Tetraodontidae (n= 4 each). Haemulon was also the most speciose genera (n=5), followed by Stegastes, Acanthurus and Mycteroperca (n=3 each). Sixty-nine species (67%) are included in global and regional Red Lists. Twenty-five species (24.2%) are within the categories Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) and Near-Threathened (NT). The network of Marine Protected Areas in Southeastern Brazil is still incipient, and the considerable number of threatened species in the Anchieta Island State Park clearly indicates the importance of the study area for the conservation of coastal and reef fishes.
Highlights
In Brazil, coralline and sandstone reefs occur in the Northern, Northeastern and Central coast from the Amazon River mouth south to the Doce River mouth, off Espírito Santo State (~19o50’S) (Moura et al 2013, 2016, Pinheiro et al 2015a), while rocky reefs predominate in the subtropical portion of the coast, southwards to Rio Grande do Sul State (~32o30’S), as well as in the three oceanic archipelagos (Ferreira et al 2001, 2004, Krajewski & Floeter 2011, Magalhães et al 2015)
The Brazilian coralline reef area represent 0.4% of global reef area, with 20% of reef fishes endemism, which represent a priority in conservation (Moura 2003, Moura & Francini-Filho 2005, Gibran & Moura 2012)
Highlighting some species that are highly targeted by fisheries, we had most from the Epinephelidae family, such as Epinephelus marginatus, E. morio, Hyporthodus niveatus and Mycteroperca bonaci, and some taxa of Lutjanidae like Lujanus analis
Summary
In Brazil, coralline and sandstone reefs occur in the Northern, Northeastern and Central coast from the Amazon River mouth south to the Doce River mouth, off Espírito Santo State (~19o50’S) (Moura et al 2013, 2016, Pinheiro et al 2015a), while rocky reefs predominate in the subtropical portion of the coast, southwards to Rio Grande do Sul State (~32o30’S), as well as in the three oceanic archipelagos (Ferreira et al 2001, 2004, Krajewski & Floeter 2011, Magalhães et al 2015). Gibran & Moura 2012) extension of the coast, where the countrys population is concentrated within less than 100 km from shoreline (IBGE 2016) with several multiple and interacting environmental stressors (pollution, harbors, tourism and fishing) are observed. Such information gaps are relevant for the ongoing development of management plans for the large multiple-use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) that have been established along most of coast of the State of São Paulo
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