Pegfilgrastim Appears Equivalent to Daily Dosing of Filgrastim to Treat Neutropenia After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract

Filgrastim decreases the time to neutrophil recovery after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). We hypothesized that single-dose pegfilgrastim would mimic multiple daily doses of filgrastim, resulting in an equivalent shortening of post-PBSCT neutropenia. Patients who were eligible for PBSCT and aged >or= 18 years were identified before high-dose chemotherapy, after the harvesting and cryopreservation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (ie, > 2.5 x 10(6) CD34-positive cells/kg). Eligible patients received either standard carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan (BEAM) or carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/cyclophosphamide (BEAC) high-dose chemotherapy. Before high-dose chemotherapy, patients were randomly assigned to receive pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 1 (arm A) or weight-based, dose-adjusted filgrastim beginning on day 1 (arm B) after transplantation until neutrophil engraftment. One-hundred and one patients were enrolled between April 2003 and April 2007. Three patients were not treated. Demographics were well-balanced in terms of stage at diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histology, and lines of previous therapy. Results (arm A/arm B) pertained to mean doses received (1.0/12.6), mean absolute neutrophil count recovery days (9.3/9.8), red blood cell transfusions (1.7/1.9), red blood cell transfusion units (3.1/3.8), platelet transfusions (3.1/2.8), positive blood culture rate (18%/29.2%), febrile neutropenia (FN; 18%/16.7%), and duration of FN (days; 7.1/6.9). Transplantation-related mortality and grade 3 or 4 adverse events were comparable between arms. Pegfilgrastim after PBSCT appears equivalent to multiple daily doses of filgrastim. This approach might be considered in lieu of filgrastim, thus obviating the need for multiple daily injections.