Abstract
BackgroundHealth promotion efforts among African American men have been met with significant challenges and have produced limited results. Interventions that do not align with the values, perspectives, and preferences of African American men often produce less effective results. Research among African American men has provided compelling evidence that these men prefer informal networks of health support. Recent successful health promotion efforts among these men have benefited from peer-to-peer models of implementation. To date, no known scoping or systematic review of peer-to-peer health promotion interventions among African American men has been conducted. The goal of this scoping review is to understand the extent of, design, implementation, and use of peer-to-peer interventions to promote health, improve quality of life, and prevent disease among African American men.MethodsA review of the literature will be performed in PubMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The development of this protocol was guided by the work of Arksey and O’Malley and the PICOS statement. Reporting will be guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Eligible studies include those testing the effects of a peer-to-peer health promotion intervention targeting African American men. A comparison group will not be required. For the purposes of the current review, “peers” will be limited to other African American men. An initial screening of the titles and abstracts of potentially eligible studies will be completed by two independent reviewers. The full text of records that appear to meet the eligibility criteria will be accessed and further screened. Data will then be extracted and collected using a custom Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Extracted data will include authors’ name and publication year, target health issue(s), design of the intervention, components of the intervention, peer-led components of the intervention, peer role, length and type of training for peer leaders, intervention duration, frequency of the intervention, study design and number of participants, and main outcomes. Finally, results will be presented in table format and summarized in text format.DiscussionResults will have implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion interventions among African American men.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020198664
Highlights
Health promotion efforts among African American men have been met with significant challenges and have produced limited results
When recruitment and retention efforts are successful, health promotion efforts targeting individuals from underserved communities are often hindered by limited cultural sensitivity and tailoring [7, 8]—evidence-based health promotion interventions that do not align with the values, perspectives, and preferences of the target community often produce less effective results for these communities [9,10,11]
This scoping review is informed by an overwhelming amount of evidence suggesting that African American men prefer and benefit from informal networks of social support and that health promotion efforts can benefit from leveraging these informal networks [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. This scoping review is the first known review with the objectives to understand the design, implementation, and benefits of peer-to-peer models of health promotion and disease prevention among African American men. The design for this scoping review was planned by the authors to inform the objectives by addressing the following research questions: 1. What peer-to-peer health promotion, quality of life improvement, and disease prevention interventions among African American men have been conducted?
Summary
Health promotion efforts among African American men have been met with significant challenges and have produced limited results. There is strong support derived from research involving African American men that indicates these men prefer informal networks of support [13], such as family, friends, and other forms of kinship [14,15,16,17,18,19] This preference for informal networks of support has led to the development of health promotion interventions delivered in barbershops, which is a community focal point for African American men [20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. Health promotion efforts conducted at the barbershop benefit from established networks of trust These interventions are often successful in recruiting and retaining African American men and deliver content in manners that align with the values, perspectives, and preferences of these men largely because they are implemented using a peer-to-peer model
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