Peeling the onion: the outer layers of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Daniel P Agustinho,Lucy X Li,Tamara L Doering,Liza C Miller

doi:10.1590/0074-02760180040

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is ubiquitous in the environment. It causes a deadly meningitis that is responsible for over 180,000 deaths worldwide each year, including 15% of all AIDS-related deaths. The high mortality rates for this infection, even with treatment, suggest a need for improved therapy. Unique characteristics of C. neoformans may suggest directions for drug discovery. These include features of three structures that surround the cell: the plasma membrane, the cell wall around it, and the outermost polysaccharide capsule. We review current knowledge of the fundamental biology of these fascinating structures and highlight open questions in the field, with the goal of stimulating further investigation that will advance basic knowledge and human health.

Highlights

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes severe infection of the central nervous system
Anchoring it, lies the fungal cell wall. This complex structure surrounds the plasma membrane and helps the cell withstand environmental challenges such as osmotic and mechanical stress. It is composed of glucans, chitin, chitosan, and glycosylated proteins (Gow et al 2017)
Melanin pigment associated with the cell wall further helps C. neoformans resist environmental stress and antifungal drug toxicity

Summary

Introduction

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes severe infection of the central nervous system. These consist of three concentric structures: the capsule, cell wall, and plasma membrane (Fig. 1A, left). Melanin pigment associated with the cell wall further helps C. neoformans resist environmental stress and antifungal drug toxicity.

Results

Conclusion