Abstract
Modern artifact replicas represent a definite challenge to the integrity of archaeological collections and their value to scientific study. Effective authentication analysis is necessary to preclude these artifacts. Natural artifact post-depositional surface modification is an indicator of antiquity and of vital importance to such analyses. Surface modification of major value is the authigenic precipitation/deposition of pedogenic minerals. Because of their ubiquitous presence in soils, and their stability when oxidized, the iron oxides/hydroxides are of special value with other minerals playing a supportive role. Features of the minerals and deposits most frequently encountered on artifact surfaces are addressed.
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