Abstract
The use of pedicle screws has become popular during the past decades. Currently, pedicular screw fixation is widely used in spinal surgery, and there are many studies about safe and optimal placement of pedicle screws. If one considers fixation of adjacent segments, pedicle screws prevent the need to place instrumentation within the spinal canal, like sublaminar wiring or hooks, which impose a risk of neurological injury. Pedicle screw fixation (PSF) resists flexion, extension, and torsional loads better than any other device. Especially in spinal deformity surgery, PSF provides better correction and maintenance than systems with hooks and wires or ligaments. Disadvantages of pedicle screws are related to the misplacement, which can lead to very rare, but existing disastrous complications, such as vascular or neural injuries. Therefore, accurate and safe placement of screws within the pedicle is a crucial step during surgery.
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