Abstract
Thyroid neoplastic pathology is the most common form of cancer associated with radiation exposure. The most common histopathological type of thyroid carcinoma is the differentiated thyroid cancer (these include papillary and follicular type), which represents over 90% of all cases, especially affecting girls rather than boys. Although patients are diagnosed in advanced stages as compared to adults, the prognosis of the disease is very good, with a 30-year survival rate of over 95% but post-therapeutic morbidity remains quite high. The treatment is based in particular on the therapeutic guidelines for adults, but as children have some histopathological and genetic characteristics of thyroid cancer, as well as different initial clinical presentations, we decided to review the literature on this pathology among the pediatric population, focusing on cases in Europe. The major interest is the impact of the Chernobyl accident.
Highlights
Pediatric thyroid cancer is one of the rarest endocrine tumors, yet the incidence rate increases by1.1% per year
Studies of the population affected by the atomic bombs in Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki), the Marshall Islands, or those exposed to radiation released after the Chernobyl accident have demonstrated a close causal relationship between the occurrence of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure [6]
Because the presence of medullary thyroid cancer syndrome might involve screening of families, in order to evaluate the presence of thyroid nodules, Because the presence of medullary thyroid cancer in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 proto-oncogene RET mutations, and serologic calcitonin values, we considered that the respective (MEN2) syndrome might involve screening of families, in order to evaluate the presence of thyroid epidemiology was influenced by direct medical intervention
Summary
Pediatric thyroid cancer is one of the rarest endocrine tumors, yet the incidence rate increases by. This increase is real, mostly because of the different environmental factors (ionizing radiation, volcanic activity, nitrate concentration in drinking water), unlike in the case of adults, where ultrasound screening plays an important role [1,2,3,4,5]. Thyroid neoplastic pathology is the most common form of cancer associated with radiation exposure. Pediatric patients are diagnosed in more advanced stages compared to adults, the prognosis of the disease is very good, with a 30-year survival rate of over 95% [1,10,11,12,13]. Pediatric patients with thyroid cancer are treated according to the adult guidelines, and thyroid cancer is not classified differently in children compared to young adults [15,16,17,18]. The role of this study is to improve the understanding of pediatricians and oncologists of this pathology
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