Abstract
Pediatric spine trauma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The unique features of the pediatric spine lead to specific injury patterns and differentiate these injuries from those of adult patients. Increased ligamentous laxity, horizontal orientation of vertebral facets, wedge-shaped vertebral body, and underdeveloped paraspinal muscles in the immature spine result in a relatively high incidence of cervical spine injuries. Common pediatric spine injuries include odontoid fractures, spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities (SCIWORA), atlantoaxial instability, compression fractures, thoracolumbar burst fractures, and flexion-distraction injuries. Pediatric spine injuries are commonly associated with high-energy trauma and high level of suspicion is necessary for concomitant thoracic or abdominal injuries. The management of pediatric spine trauma should take into consideration not only the unique pediatric spine anatomy but also the growth potential of this patient population. Finally, as with all injuries in the pediatric population, prevention is of utter importance with special attention given to proper use of seatbelts and child safety as well as use of appropriate sporting equipment.
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