Abstract
Recurrent respiratory tract infections are one of the most frequent reasons for pediatric visits and hospitalization. Causes of this pathology are multiple ranging from congenital to acquired and local to general. Immune deficiencies are considered as underlying conditions predisposing to this pathology. Our work is about to determine when and how to explore the immune system when facing recurrent respiratory infections. This was based on the records of 53 children hospitalized at the pediatrics unit of Hassan II University Hospital, Fez Morocco. Thirty boys and 23 girls with age ranging from 5 months to 12 years with an average age of 2 years were involved in this study. Bronchial foreign body was the main etiology in children of 3 to 6 year old. Gastro-esophageal reflux, which in some cases is a consequence of chronic cough, as well as asthma were most frequent in infants (17 and 15% respectively). Immune deficiency was described in 7.5% of patients and the only death we deplored in our series belongs to this group. Recurrent respiratory tract infections have multiple causes. In our series they are dominated by foreign body inhalation and gastroesophageal reflux, which in some cases is a consequence of a chronic cough. Immune deficiency is not frequent but could influence the prognosis. Therefore immune explorations should be well codified.
Highlights
The involvement of immune deficiencies is certainly weak compared to other etiologies and it is exceptional that an immune deficiency is revealed only by recurrent respiratory infections, without association with infections of other locations [2]
Immune deficiency is not a frequent etiology for recurrent respiratory infections and the exploration of the immune system should be well codified since the prognosis depends on it
The main challenge of monitoring recurrent respiratory infections is to distinguish between patients with normal immune system development and those expressing immune deficiencies
Summary
They are frequent during childhood and seem inevitable during the first months of life because of the immunity learning. Recurrence of respiratory infections during the first years of life has an impact on the broncho-alveolar as well as the vascular development of the lungs. This could lead to average and long term after-effects. According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, a kid could present, annually, during its five years of life, 4 to 8 episodes of respiratory infections, affecting mainly lower respiratory system. Respiratory infections are considered as recurrent from three episodes of acute infections during a six month period [2]
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