Pediatric Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Overcoming the Difficulties

Abstract

Kidney stones in children are endemic in developing countries. Recurrences may be frequent, and patients will usually require surgical intervention more than once in their lifetime. The majority of kidney stones in children can be managed using less invasive techniques. Proper treatment planning and the use of appropriate instrumentation are critical for optimal outcomes. Surgeons who perform percutaneous surgery in pediatric patients are more experienced in developing countries because of the large number of cases found there.