Abstract
Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.
Highlights
The use of dietary supplementations or alterations as a means to improve asthma control has been described in several studies. This narrative review’s objective is to present and investigate more recent literature on pediatric asthma as a result of obesity, focusing on the risks among children with obesity in developing asthma, the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma
No evidence to show that the use of hydrolyzed formula versus conventional milk in the prevention of wheezing and asthma
No evidence to show it offers any protection against asthma
Summary
Obesity is a well-known leading public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that by the time the statistics for the year 2016 were compiled, nearly. 41 million children under 5 years of age and more than 340 million children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19 were either overweight or obese; in the European population, the proportions were 25–70% being overweight and 5–30% with obesity [1]. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already a serious chronic respiratory ailment representing a public health issue around the world [2,3]. Asthma affects people of all ages, it disproportionately affects children [4]. In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that asthma affected approximately 6.5 million children (~9% prevalence) in the US [5], while about 334,000,000 people worldwide were affected
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