Abstract
Involvement of the kidneys by lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations seen in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is more frequent and severe in pediatric patients and has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. This narrative review aimed to describe the general aspects of LN and its particularities when affecting children and adolescents, while focusing on the disease's etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, renal tissue alterations, and treatment options.
Highlights
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects numerous organs such as the skin, joints, lungs, heart, kidneys, and nervous system.[1]
Involvement of the kidneys by lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations observed in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
This review aimed to describe the general and particular features of LN in children and adolescents and to shed light on the disease’s etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and treatment
Summary
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects numerous organs such as the skin, joints, lungs, heart, kidneys, and nervous system.[1]. Neonatal SLE is a rare condition that affects individuals of both sexes It is usually associated with maternal SLE and other autoimmune diseases.[11,12] Multicenter studies performed in Brazil and the USA suggested that SLE in infants is usually associated with complement deficiencies.[13,14] Female children and adolescents develop SLE more commonly, possibly due to the hormonal changes of puberty.[15] The predominance of SLE in female pediatric patients increases gradually with age to the values observed in adults.[16,17,18,19].
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