Pediatric lichen planus: A single-center retrospective review of 26 patients with follow up.

Abstract

Pediatric lichen planus (LP) is rare with variable prevalence and atypical presentations compared to adults. Data on LP are lacking for the pediatric population in the United States. We present demographics, presentations, and treatments for a pediatric LP cohort. We reviewed 26 patients diagnosed with LP at 20 years or younger. Treatment responses were defined as no response, partial response, and complete response. Demographics included 54% females and median diagnosis age of 16 years (range 6-20). Most patients presented with cutaneous LP (65%), with fewer having associated oral (23%), nail (7.7%), or genital (3.8%) involvement. Some had cutaneous-only LP (38%) or strictly mucosal LP (oral-only 19% and genital-only 15%). LP lesions were pruritic (50%), painful (19%), and/or asymptomatic (35%). Complete/partial responses occurred with medium-potency topical corticosteroids in cutaneous (n=7; 64%), oral (n=3; 75%), and genital LP (n=3; 100%), with high/ultra-high potency topical corticosteroids in oral LP (n=6; 86%), and with topical calcineurin inhibitors in genital LP (n=2; 100%). Side effects were clobetasol-related oral candidiasis and biopsy-related penile depressed scar. Most patients with available follow-up achieved remission (n=17; 81%). Pediatric LP usually presents in adolescence with cutaneous involvement and is symptomatic. However, patients frequently can have oral, genital, or nail lesions or may be asymptomatic, so they need thorough examinations and follow-up. Long-term remission is common due to treatment or natural disease course. Medium-potency corticosteroids are recommended for cutaneous, oral, and genital LP. Various other local and systemic therapies exist with successful treatment responses.