Abstract
Recent research has promoted elucidation of the diverse biological processes that occur in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Molecular genetic analysis is essential not only for proper classification, but also for monitoring biological behavior and clinical management of tumors. Ever since the 2016 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, molecular profiling has become an indispensable step in the diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and treatment of pediatric as well as adult CNS tumors. These molecular data are changing diagnosis, leading to new guidelines, and offering novel molecular targeted therapies. The Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) makes practical recommendations using recent advances in CNS tumor classification, particularly in molecular discernment of these neoplasms as morphology-based classification of tumors is being replaced by molecular-based classification. In this article, we summarize recent knowledge to provide an overview of pediatric gliomas, which are major pediatric CNS tumors, and describe recent developments in strategies employed for their diagnosis and treatment.
Highlights
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children, accounting for 21% of pediatric cancers and representing a primary cause of mortality [1].Survivors of pediatric CNS tumors are at a high risk for late mortality and for developing subsequent neoplasms and chronic diseases [2]
Tumor Taxonomy is making practical recommendations based on recent advances in CNS tumor classifications, those based on molecular discernment of these neoplasms [8]
We summarize our current understanding of the most common pediatric gliomas, which are the major types of pediatric CNS tumors, and describe recent developments in strategies of their diagnosis and treatment
Summary
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children, accounting for 21% of pediatric cancers and representing a primary cause of mortality [1]. Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, molecular profiling has become an indispensable step in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of pediatric as well as adult tumors of this type [7]. These molecular data are changing the way tumors are being diagnosed. Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-) is making practical recommendations based on recent advances in CNS tumor classifications, those based on molecular discernment of these neoplasms [8]. We summarize our current understanding of the most common pediatric gliomas, which are the major types of pediatric CNS tumors, and describe recent developments in strategies of their diagnosis and treatment
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