Pediatric free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to review recent literature on the use of pediatric free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects with focus on skull base, congenital deformities, mandibular reconstruction and operative considerations. Reconstruction of the skull base depends on the defect size, location, bony involvement, and pedicle length with a variety of flaps to choose from. Free flaps may be used to correct congenital anomalies due to facial clefts and syndromic causes requiring bony and tissue bulk. Preservation of the condyle together with free flap mandibular reconstruction has better growth potential. Delayed repair of mandibular defects may be an option especially for patients with malignancy. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may inhibit the growth potential of the mandible. The use of running or coupled arterial anastomosis is associated with an increased immediate complication. Pediatric free flap reconstruction is a reasonable option for various head and neck defects such as skull base, congenital, and mandibular defects.