Abstract
The current prevalence of pediatric Celiac Disease (CD) is estimated to be around 1% in the general population, worldwide. However, according to the geographic area, a great variability of CD prevalence has been described. Whereas a number of studies are available from Europe, North and South America, Australia, South-West Asia, and North Africa, the knowledge and awareness of CD in large parts of the remaining world areas is definitively poor. In several countries of Central and East Asia, the consumption of wheat is consistent and/or has significantly increased in recent decades, and CD is supposed to be underdiagnosed in children. In this mini-review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the prevalence of pediatric CD in Central and East Asia, paying attention to the HLA-DQ immunogenetic background as well. Indeed, CD is likely not to be as uncommon as previously or currently thought in countries like Russia, Kazakhstan, and China, in addition to India, where pediatric CD has been clearly showed to be quite prevalent. Therefore, there is an urgent need for population-based studies on the prevalence of CD in those countries, especially in children, in order to increase the awareness of this disease and to improve the diagnostic strategy in these areas.
Highlights
Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial immune-mediated disorder, triggered by the ingestion of gluten and other gluten-related proteins in genetically predisposed subjects
Srivastava et al showed that the prevalence of CD diagnosed in the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of CD children from Northern India was 4.4%, 14 times higher than in the general population [28]
Savvateeva et al reported data on the polymorphic variants of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 genes in CD patients from the cities of Tomsk and Krasnodar and from Yakutia (Eastern Russia)
Summary
Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial immune-mediated disorder, triggered by the ingestion of gluten and other gluten-related proteins in genetically predisposed subjects. They investigated 117 children with gastrointestinal (e.g., chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain) and extra-gastrointestinal (short stature, iron-deficient anemia, failure to thrive, etc.) manifestations who received a diagnosis of CD by intestinal biopsy: importantly, almost 100%. Reported around 1% CD prevalence in 400 consecutive children (1–12 years) undergoing venipuncture for any reason, who were referred to the general pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital of Northern India [27]. Srivastava et al showed that the prevalence of CD diagnosed in the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of CD children from Northern India was 4.4%, 14 times higher than in the general population [28]. India (9–12.8%), where this genetic difference is coupled with a different staple diet based upon rice dishes [31]
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