Pediatric Basal Ganglia Region Tumors: Clinical and Radiologic Features Correlated with Histopathologic Findings.

Abstract

To summarize the clinical and radiologic features of pediatric basal ganglia region tumors (PBGRT) in correlation with their histopathologic findings to reduce inappropriate surgery and identify tumors that can benefit from maximal safe resection. The records of 35 children with PBGRT treated in our hospital from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and radiologic features of these tumors were summarized and correlated with their histopathologic diagnosis. Our series included 15 astrocytomas and 11 germ cell tumors (GCTs). Basal ganglia astrocytomas were characterized by various clinical presentations and an ill-circumscribed mass with the involvement of surrounding structures on neuroimaging and mostly occurred in the first decade of life (n= 10; 66.7%). Basal ganglia GCT mostly occurred in the second decade of life (n= 8; 72.7%) with hemiparesis as the most common symptom (n= 9; 81.8%). The tumors were located predominantly in the caput of caudate nucleus (n= 8; 72.7%) with hemiatrophy as the typical sign (n= 8; 72.7%). Occasionally, other tumors also could occur in this region, including primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n= 1), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (n=1), anaplastic ependymoma (n=1), lymphoma (n=1), extraventricular neurocytoma (n= 1), gangliogliomas (n= 2), oligodendroglioma (n= 1), and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (n= 1). Astrocytoma and GCT are the most common PBGRTs. Low-grade astrocytomas could benefit from maximal surgical resection, whereas GCTs merit neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by second-look surgery. We advocate routine testing of tumor markers and analysis of their clinical and radiologic features to optimize the therapeutic strategy.