Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery are responsible for a great deal of psychological and physiological stress to the human organism. Hospitalization itself is usually an unhappy experience accompanied by anxiety. 1 Going to a hospital may leave emotional scars which may persist long after physical wellbeing has returned. One such incident can undermine a child's whole feeling of security. There is not only the problem of separation from parents which makes the child anxious and unhappy and the added experience of adjustment to new and strange surroundings, but there are strange faces, strange food, a strange bed, and a strange routine. The child is subjected to many indignities over which he has no control, such as being undressed and having his own clothes removed, having rectal temperatures taken, being fed like a baby, and attending to his own elimination needs without any privacy. If a child is hospitalized for an emergency procedure,
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