Abstract
World-wide statistics still reflect a high percentage of seriously injured pedestrians in the urban areas. The lateral impact is the most common type of traffic accident in towns. This paper describes the validation of a pedestrian model that will be able to assess the type and level of injury. The human model used is rigid body based with realistic biomechanical joints. The human body model is validated for the case of a lateral pedestrian impact using published experimental cadaveric data. Particular body segment trajectories fit into given kinematic corridors. Based on the standard injury criteria the pedestrian model is able to predict life threatening risk.
Highlights
Walking is the most natural way to get from one point to another
The mid-stance is the period of the gait between the first contact of the front leg and the last contact of the rear leg with the ground. It occupies the period from 7% to 32% of the gait cycle
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Kinematics The model kinematics is compared to the published experiments (Kerrigan et al 2005)
Summary
As stated by the European Commission around 17% of all traffic fatalities in EU countries are with pedestrians. Based on the study (Maňas et al 2009) pedestrians in the Czech Republic belong to a group of the most at risk vulnerable road users. The above mentioned study summarizes that pedestrian road accidents are the most frequent in urban areas with a passenger car impact velocity up to 50km/h. Pedestrian protection is still an important topic, as is shown in the study of Obermann & Kovanda (2009). In his article, Ishikawa et al (1993) analyzes possible pedestrian impact scenarios and summarizes that the most frequent accident type corresponds to a lateral impact when a pedestrian is crossing the road
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