Abstract
Evacuation time is a significant safety coefficient for Urban Metro Hubs (UMHs). Usually, a reasonable model for evacuation time will effectively promote the safety for pedestrian when emergency incidents occur in UMHs. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian evacuation time model for UMHs to improve the accuracy and reliability of its evacuation time. Firstly, we design an experiment survey based on the multiple video sequences to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian flow. Then, we decompose the evacuation process on the basis of the parameters, which involve the evacuation characteristics, the speed-density variation law, the pedestrian drop-off time, the platform evacuation time, and the channel evacuation time. Finally, we take the Bei Da-jie metro hub in Xi’an as an example, and verify the feasibility of the proposed pedestrian evacuation time model. The results show that the relative error for the evacuation time between the experiment result and the actual data is only 1.90%, where the experiment time is 169.87 s and the actual time is 166.64 s. Moreover, the proposed model strictly follows the Code for Design of Metro (GB 50157-003) and hence it can provide a good theoretical guidance for innovating the evacuation efficiency and the design reasonability of UMHs.
Highlights
Transport plays an important role in enhancing the quality of our living environment
Mathematical Problems in Engineering proposed the social force model; many phenomena were simulated, which include the formation of the trail, oscillation at the bottleneck, and sheep-flock effect
Reference [18] puts forward cellular automata model for the first time; it is fancied by most scholars because of its advantage in simulating the microscopic behavior of pedestrians
Summary
Transport plays an important role in enhancing the quality of our living environment. In the second part, [41] identifies seven methodological approaches (e.g., cellular automata models, lattice gas models, social force models, fluid-dynamic models, agent-based models, game theoretic models, and approaches based on experiments with animals) for crowd evacuation which has been studied over the last decades; [42] presents a new emergency evacuation system based on MultiAgent framework and Geographic Information System (GIS), which can simulate human’s typical behaviors in multiexit public place and present the public evacuation process and in-time distribution during emergency; [43,44,45] investigate the route choice of pedestrians during evacuation under conditions of both good and zero visibility in a classroom and build a microscopic pedestrians model with discrete space representation. On the basis of summarizing traditional evacuation time models, this paper proposes to do research, respectively, on the character of the UMHs structure and Chinese pedestrian traffic characteristics and use queuing theory and fluid mechanics simulation theory to establish a pedestrian evacuation time model in UMHs, which includes the pedestrian drop-off time, pedestrian evacuation time in platform, and pedestrian evacuation time in the channel
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