PECULIARITY OF SOIL COVER FORMATION IN THE UPPER PART OF THE KANIV RESERVOIR

Abstract

The problem of water reservoirs, their role and positive and negative effects on the environment has become extremely acute around the world. The issue of the impact of reservoirs on soils has been studied for a long time. The greatest attention was paid to the soils erosion on the coasts, especially those composed of loamy rocks. Flooding of lands and waterlogging of soils in humid regions and salinization of flooded soils in arid regions have been widely studied. There was a need to study the features of litho-morphogenesis and soil formation on the islands (residual and newly formed) and the coast of these reservoirs during the study of the Dnieper reservoirs. There is also a need to study successions of terrestrial and aquatic vegetation, as reservoirs are rapidly overgrown, reducing their water permeability. The research methods are land and water routes on the islands and reservoir coasts, standard methods of description and analysis of soil morphology and mapping of their distribution. The locations of soil profile were recorded with a GARMIN GPS receiver. Dynamics of hydromorphic landscapes in time and space on the islands were studied using Landsat and Sentinel satellites remote sensing data of Earth. Hydrological and morphological conditions and dynamics of vegetation cover as factors in the formation of the soil cover of the islands and reservoir coast were considered. It was done in order to assess the peculiarities of their profile, properties and recreational and economic value. It was established that the upper (river) part of the reservoir is dominated by soddy soils of varying degrees of gleyey, as well as meadow, meadow-swamp, and marsh soils. The formation of soils as the biotope basis of hydromorphic landscapes occurs differently on the "frontal" (mainly northern) part of the islands and on their rear (southern) part in accordance with the hydromorphological features and laws of litho-morphogenesis. Research is provided by the community with the Czech Institute "CzechGlobe" and has the further perspective of a scientific project of international scale.