Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore and elaborate the concept of hybrid entrepreneurship, i.e., a simultaneous mix of self-employment (entrepreneurship) and salary employment. Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship is assessed in terms whether it can explain the phenomenon of being a hybrid entrepreneur. The hypothesis is that the probability of linking a salary job with one’s own business increases with the variety and level of education gained, the broadness of professional and management experience but also the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The hypotheses are tested with multivariate logistic regression, using survey data gathered from 1600 entrepreneurs. In light of the results, Lazear’s theory cannot be unambiguously extended to the case of hybrid entrepreneurs. Although the probability of being a hybrid entrepreneur increases with broader professional and managerial experience, at the same time it diminishes as the level and diversity of education increase. The results suggest that hybrid entrepreneurs are an importantly discrete population and therefore need to be treated separately. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Highlights
The ever-changing labour market, with its tendency to activate non-standard working arrangements and to create temporary jobs (Fayard, 2019), has brought a new employment phenomenon into the research spotlight, termed hybrid entrepreneurship (Folta et al, 2010), or, less often, part-time business (Smallbone & Welter, 2001; Petrova, 2012) or second job entrepreneurship (Gruenert, 1999)
The idea of the study was to elucidate the concept of hybrid entrepreneurship by exploring the influence of skills, knowledge, and experience on the likelihood of being a hybrid entrepreneur rather than a full-time entrepreneur
Hybrid entrepreneurs were assumed to fall into the “jacks-ofall-trades” category and five hypotheses mostly related to particular elements of Lazear’s theory were tested
Summary
The ever-changing labour market, with its tendency to activate non-standard working arrangements and to create temporary jobs (Fayard, 2019), has brought a new employment phenomenon into the research spotlight, termed hybrid entrepreneurship (Folta et al, 2010), or, less often, part-time business (Smallbone & Welter, 2001; Petrova, 2012) or second job entrepreneurship (Gruenert, 1999) This new phenomenon is a simultaneous mix of selfemployment and salary employment as individuals start their ventures while retaining a. The concept of hybrid entrepreneurship has been given a meaning in entrepreneurship research, but it has not been discussed deep enough (Folta et al, 2010), in the area of hybrid entrepreneurs’ knowledge and skills sets, which are constantly being developed through their doubled career experiences
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