Abstract
A meticulous investigation of electron-spin-resonance (ESR) and Raman spectroscopy of the two-phase nanocomposites of Zn1−xNixO/NiO is reported. The temperature variation of X-band ESR parameters viz., resonance field HR(T) and line-width ΔHPP(T) follows the power-law variation (δHR = (ΔHPP)n) of Nagata and Ishihara model, which was used to understand the orientation of statistical ensemble of particles with respect to a given direction of the anisotropy axis. This analysis yields the exponent “n” ≃ 2.13 and 2.85 for the composite system Zn1−xNixO/NiO and pure NiO suggesting the presence of partial and randomly oriented ellipsoidal nanocrystallites, respectively. The Raikher and Stepanov model has been employed to probe the role of amorphous Ni3+ clusters on the observed ESR spectra. Interestingly, after Ni substitution, a new zone boundary phonon mode was noticed at 129 cm−1 for all the samples, which is usually forbidden in the first-order Raman scattering for wurtzite ZnO. In addition to the 2M magnon mode, two extra modes appear at 558 and 900 cm−1 due to the increased volume fraction of NiO within the Zn1−xNixO matrix. A systematic correlation of the above results with a comparative analysis of their bulk counterpart has been presented.
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