Peculiarities of safflower water consumption under the influence of care techniques on non-herbicide and herbicide background

Abstract

One of the promising oilseeds in the arid conditions of southern Ukraine is safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower – belongs to the aster family, annual, drought-resistant and heat-resistant plant. Unpretentious to soil types and can even grow on saline soils. It differs in plasticity and good adaptation to external conditions, can be successfully grown on bogar and in the conditions of irrigation. The development of thorns on the leaves and leaves of the wrapper – a form of adaptation of this plant to particularly dry weather conditions. Leaf plates at the end of the juvenile period become stiff and covered with a waxy protective layer, which provides a low coefficient of water consumption. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of water consumption of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya depending on the agricultural practices for the care of crops on herbicidal and herbicide-free backgrounds. The research was conducted in 2017-2018 in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The soil of the experimental site – ordinary chernozem, medium-low humus, with a humus content in the arable layer up to 30 cm – 3.5 %, available nitrogen – 7.2-8.5, mobile phosphorus – 9.6-10.3, exchangeable potassium – 15.2-16.9 mg/100 g of soil, pH of the soil solution 6.5-7.0. Sowing of safflower varieties Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya was carried out in the first decade of April with a sowing rate of 240,000 similar seeds per hectare. The system of basic tillage is classical. Options for the use of herbicides: 1. Control – without herbicides; 2. Application of Harness herbicide (2.0 l/ha) under pre-sowing cultivation. Options for care systems: 1. Control – without care; 2. Pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing; 3. Two inter-row cultivations; 4. Post-emergence harrowing and inter-row tillage. The main results of three – year researches on studying of features of water consumption of safflower of the Zhyvchyk and Dobrynya grades depending on introduction of herbicide and carrying out of agricultural receptions on care of crops are resulted in article. Depending on the system of basic tillage, the total moisture reserves in the soil layer 0-100 cm at the beginning of the growing season were 263.7 mm; the amount of precipitation taking into account the utilization factor was 133.5 mm. The total water consumption of the crop was on a herbicide-free background in the variety Zhyvchyk - 233.4-240.8 mm, and in the variety Dobrynya – 235.0-242.7 mm; against the background of herbicide application in the variety Zhyvchyk – 237.1-244.9 mm, and in the variety Dobrynya – 241.4-246.8 mm; carrying out agricultural practices for care led to an increase in total water consumption. The lowest water consumption coefficient – 1590 m3/t in the variety Zhyvchyk and 1501 m3/t in the variety Dobrynya was observed on a herbicidal background with post-emergence harrowing and inter-row cultivation. The highest yield of 1.54 t/ha in the variety Zhyvchyk and 1.64 t/ha in the variety Dobrynya was obtained on a herbicide background using post-emergence harrowing and inter-row tillage.