PECULIARITIES OF PREPARATION OF WOMANKIND FOR SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG GENERATION IN ORTHODOX MONASTERIES OF UKRAINE (THE XIXTH - THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURY)

Abstract

The article analyzes the peculiarities of preparation of womankind for the spiritual and moral education of the young generation in the orthodox monasteries of Ukraine in the XIXth – at the beginning of the XXth centuries. During the study we used: historical methods (historical-typological, historical-structural, chronological, retrospective), which allowed to trace the development of the issues under study in the specified period; general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, generalization) in order to find out the degree of the study of the mentioned problem; comparative-semantic, which made it possible to compare the content, forms and methods of preparation of womankind for spiritual and moral education of students in the orthodox monasteries of Ukraine in the studied period. It has been established that spiritual and moral education was carried out with the obligatory observance of religious orthodox principles in all educational institutions of the Russian Empire (as well as in the Ukrainian territories that were part of it) in the XIXth – early XXth centuries. The purpose of education and upbringing in the schools at the monasteries was to form a spiritual and moral personality who believes in the divine creation of the world, honors everything created by God. The analyzed issues of preparing women for the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation are notable for the harmony of pedagogical ideas of past years with the present, namely: spiritual and moral education should be based on the orthodox principles; effective organization of spiritual and moral education is promoted by such forms of extra-curricular work as: literary evenings, vocal and literary morning perfomances, exhibitions, excursions, school magazines and newspapers; it is pedagogically expedient to use such methods of education as: persuasion, positive example, reminding, instruction, request, warning, inurement (strengthening of will), encouragement (rewards) and punishment in organizing the spiritual and moral education of students. It has been proved that the content, forms and methods of spiritual and moral education of the students in the monastic schools of the mentioned period were generally progressive. In particular, the curricula clearly defined the amount of knowledge from each discipline in the academic years, tasks and educational goals of each course were specifically formulated, methods of studying the course were revealed. The educational process was built on the principles of clarity and accessibility, consistency and taking into account the age characteristics of children.