Peculiarities of Migration Processes and Dynamics of Labor Potential in Ukraine after the Beginning War

Abstract

The full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine has provoked the emergence of significant destabilizing factors in the development of the economy and the society. Along with this, it has had the greatest impact on migration processes, provoking significant destructive changes in the country’s labour potential. The purpose of the academic paper lies in studying the theoretical and applied principles of population migration as a factor of changing the labour potential in Ukraine since the beginning of the war. The methodological base of the present research consists of fundamental and applied methods of economic analysis, namely: functional-systemic approach; process approach method; comparative analysis and synthesis; observation and system analysis; statistical analysis and comparison; generalization and systematization; graphical and tabular methods. The obtained results of the conducted research make it possible to establish that population migration has a significant impact on the labour potential of Ukraine, which is manifested in the departure of a significant number of the population abroad (the volume of which reached 5,7 million people in 2022, of which 43,5 % constitute the working population age); consequently, this unbalances the national and international labour market. It has been revealed that 40 % of pupils and student youth have emigrated from Ukraine since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war and continue their studies in foreign educational institutions, which threatens the outflow of highly qualified specialists in the future and the dominance of the domestic labour market by specialists of the middle and older age categories. It has been proven that the existing threat to the labour potential of the country lies in the forced deportation of the population of Ukraine to the territory of Russia, the volume of which is estimated at the level of 1 million 2 thousand people, without taking into account prisoners of war of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It is proposed to focus the main efforts in the direction of the cessation of hostilities and the formation of a set of measures regarding interstate cooperation of Ukraine with other countries of the world in the field of population migration and development of labour potential.