Peculiarities of grain crop yield programming in precision farming in the foreststeppe of Novosibirsk Priobye

Abstract

Presents research results (2019-2022) to assess the effectiveness of grain crop yield programming: soft spring wheat, spring barley, and oats using geoinformation technologies in satellite navigation applications. Experiments were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region on leached chernozem in JSC livestock breeding farm “Irmen.”, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region. The authors programmed yields on the main grain crops: spring soft wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 31, spring barley Margret and oats varieties Rovesnik and Max. The use of balanced nutrition on the background of their differentiated application in combination with geoinformation technologies and satellite navigation helped to increase the parameters of average leaf area and FSP of soft spring wheat by 24%, spring barley by 22%, and oats by 27%.Fertilizer application on the programmed yield of 4.5-6 t / ha is efficient on the background of differentiated use of mineral fertilizers with justifiability yield programming 117%. The authors proved the dependence of grain crop yield on fertilizers by 38% and weather conditions - by 26% using a statistical method. Balanced doses of mineral nutrition at their differential application increased the protein content of cereal crops by 2%, starch by 4, fat by 0.1 and fiber by 0.2%. The use of yield programming has significantly increased its performance with good product quality. The efficiency of this agricultural technique in the system of optimal use of geoinformation technology with satellite navigation and drones averages 96%. This farming technique is cost-effective, and the level of profitability of production of major crops reached 182%.