Abstract
Occurrence of citrinin and ochratoxin A in different feed ingredients and compound feeds was screened by accredited methods based on the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High frequency co-occurrence of both toxins was found in wheat grain and processed sunflower seeds. Citrinin levels exceeded those of ochratoxin A in the majority of co-contaminated feed samples, and the ratio of (1.1 - 10):1 proved to be the most frequent. A possible role of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi in separate and simultaneous OTA and CIT occurrence in feeds is also discussed.
Highlights
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) have long been known as factors of mycotoxic animal nephropathy
Total values of toxin occurrence in compound feeds were calculated for the set of 1231 specimens and amounted to 29.0% for OTA and 12.9% for CIT
Feed ingredients which usually make the basis of such ration compositions differed in frequency of toxic contamination with OTA and CIT
Summary
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) have long been known as factors of mycotoxic animal nephropathy. Both toxins were detected in barley grain by Krough and Hasselager [1]. Later OTA and CIT were found in mouldy barley and rye the consumption of which caused swine nephropathy in natural conditions [2]. In 1970s the incidence rate of these nephrotoxins was first determined for barley and oat grain received from Danish pig farms [3] as well as for hay and feed wheat, oats, barley and rye in Canada [4,5,6]. After that various feeds were investigated for OTA and CIT occurrence in India [7]
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