Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading reasons of mortality in the whole world. The insufficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (А1АТ) protein is an important factor of genetic predisposition to COPD development. А1АТ deficit can be diagnosed with the help of phenotyping. Detection of PiZZ phenotype of А1АТ preconditions 95% of А1АТ deficit cases whereas PiMM phenotype testifies about the conservation function of the protein. Detection of A1AT in case of COPD might be accompanied by a graver course of the diseases, it is characterized by peculiarities of complex study parameters of the external respiratory function and densitometric values of the pulmonary tissue determined by computer tomography. The objective of this study is comparison of external respiratory function in COPD patients with PiZZ and PiMM phenotype of А1АТ. Materials and methods: COPD patients with PiZZ phenotype of А1АТ (N = 6) and PiMM phenotype of A1AT (N = 75) were studies. The following spirometric values were evaluate: forced expiratory volume per 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, maximum expiratory flow rate (MEFR), peak flow rates (PFR50 and PFR75), mean flow rate (MFR), as well as the total lung capacity (TLC) etc. Spiral computer tomography was performed with application of the densitometric analysis software. Evaluation of the intensity of dyspnoe and effect of symptoms on the quality of life was done. Results. Comparison of spirometric values showed that for patients at PiZZ phenotype of А1АТ showed lower values of FEV1/ FVC, PFR50, PFR75, MFR, DLco, va and higher parameters of MEFR, FVC and TLC than in PiMM phenotype of А1АТ (p < 0,05*). Conclusions: in COPD patients with PiZZ phenotype of А1АТ more intense deviations of bronchial obstruction, reduction of elastic properties of the pulmonary tissues, hyperinflation, reduction of the capillary bed due to emphysematous pulmonary involvement are observed.
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