Peculiarities of arterial hypertension in pregnancy from the point of view of evidence-based medicine

Abstract

Background: Arterial hypertension during pregnancy is a significant public health issue, affecting 10-15% of pregnancies globally. It encompasses gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension, which are leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Understanding and managing these hypertensive disorders is crucial due to their impact on maternal and child health outcomes. Recent advancements in screening, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options have significantly improved clinical practices, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based management. Methods and Materials: This study adopts an evidence-based methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative research to investigate arterial hypertension in pregnancy. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. Comparative and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate diagnostic and treatment efficiencies across various studies. The study aims to synthesize current data on epidemiology, risk factors, and management outcomes to enhance clinical guidelines and improve maternal-fetal health. Results: The findings highlight the significant global burden of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, with varying prevalence across different regions influenced by genetic, healthcare access, and socioeconomic factors. Effective management strategies include both pharmacological interventions, such as the use of labetalol, methyldopa, and nifedipine, and non-pharmacological approaches, including dietary modifications and lifestyle changes. The study also underscores the importance of early detection and personalized treatment plans to mitigate adverse outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes that hypertensive disorders in pregnancy pose substantial risks to maternal and fetal health, necessitating precise diagnostic protocols and evidence-based therapeutic interventions. Public health strategies, including educational programs and community-based interventions, are essential in raising awareness and preventing these conditions. Continued research and clinical practice improvements are vital to better understanding and managing hypertension in pregnancy, ultimately improving health outcomes for mothers and future generations.