Abstract
Contrary to the established belief that low agricultural prices fuel peasant rebellion, our study investigates the surge in peasant unrest during a period of high agricultural prices. The transition to capital-intensive agriculture, characterized by reduced labor demand and heightened entry barriers, prompts landowners to expand into the agricultural frontier during periods of price increases. In these frontier regions, the soils, while comparatively less suitable, become economically viable for commercial agriculture when crop prices are high. This scenario sets the stage for heightened collective resistance, particularly where organizational capacities and subsistence communities provide peasants with symbolic and material resources to resist land encroachment. We provide evidence of this argument by using unique municipal-level data from Paraguay between 2000 and 2014, a period of rising yet fluctuating prices. Our study shows how the interplay between technological advancements in agriculture and global market forces reshape the geography of peasant rebellion.
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