Abstract
Tank contamination and off-target movement of dicamba is a probable issue facing peanut producers in Mississippi. In 2017 and 2018, a field study was conducted at Mississippi State University’s Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, Mississippi, to evaluate the response of peanut to low rates of dicamba at three growth stages. Dicamba at 35 and 17.5 g ae ha−1 with and without non-ionic surfactant (NIS) was applied to peanut at R1 (beginning bloom), R2 (beginning peg), and R3 (beginning pod). In each site year, peanut injury was visible following exposure to dicamba. Peanut lateral growth was also reduced regardless of treatment or growth stage following exposure to dicamba. Peanut injury was most prominent 14 days following exposure to dicamba, regardless of timing in both site years. Peanut yield was not different following dicamba treatments in 2018 due to late-season environmental conditions. In 2017, dicamba at 1/32 X plus NIS, 1/16 X and 1/16 X plus NIS reduced peanut yield 16%, 16%, and 30% when averaged over growth stage, respectively. Based on this study, visible peanut injury, lateral growth reduction, and yield decreases were observed following exposure to dicamba.
Highlights
IntroductionA benzoic acid derivative, can be formulated as various salts that are prone to volatilization [2,3]
Dicamba is a plant growth regulator (PGR) commonly used as a herbicide [1]
In 2017, our study reported peanut yield loss of 10% and 24% following exposure to dicamba at 1/32 X with and without non-ionic surfactant (NIS) and 1/16 X with and without NIS, respectively
Summary
A benzoic acid derivative, can be formulated as various salts that are prone to volatilization [2,3]. Dicamba formulations vary in volatility potential, but have the same effect on targeted weed species [3]. Dimethylamine (DMA) salts are known to be the most volatile, while diglycolamine (DGA) salts are less volatile [4]. The newest additions to the benzoic acid family consist of a DGA salt of dicamba with the trade name XtendiMax® (Bayer CropScience LP, 800 Lindbergh Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, USA) and an (N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl) methylamine salt) (BAPMA) salt of dicamba with the trade name Engenia® (BASF Corporation, 26 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) [5]. While DGA and BAPMA salts are less volatile than their DMA predecessor, they can still volatilize [6]
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