Peanut and Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicide Tank-Mixtures Including Paraquat and Inorganic Liquid Nutrients

Abstract

ABSTRACT Weed control is an integral part of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems. Paraquat is a staple postemergence (POST) herbicide used in peanut production in the Southeast US. Inorganic liquid nutrient (ILN) concentrates are liquid fertilizers that are recommended for use by producers in tank-mixtures with paraquat by some distributors. Irrigated and non-irrigated field trials were conducted to quantify the safening effect of ILN in various herbicide tank-mixtures on peanut and determine the suitability as tank-mix replacements for bentazon. Field studies indicated similar POST herbicide responses for peanut injury. Greenhouse experiments evaluated POST paraquat tank-mixtures with ILN for weed control and biomass reduction. Paraquat plus S-metolachlor caused significant leaf burn and stunting. Greatest peanut foliar injury occurred 3 d after treatment (DAT) but was transient. For the irrigated field trial, paraquat plus S-metolachlor plus ILN had similar injury levels as compared to paraquat plus S-metolachlor plus acifluorfen plus bentazon at 22 to 25%. For the non-irrigated field study, the application of paraquat plus ILN had 10% injury compared to paraquat at 22%. While injury was the greatest directly following application, peanut was able to recover with no yield or grade loss for both the irrigated and non-irrigated studies. In the greenhouse study, the effect of ILN varied by weed species and reduced leaf injury on several broadleaf weeds. While the addition of ILN to the various paraquat tank-mixtures initially reduced injury, it did not correspond to increases in yield or grade. The variability in weed control, transient injury mitigation, and no yield increase indicates that Georgia peanut growers will receive no benefit for including ILN in their paraquat tank-mixtures but if needed to improve crop nutrition, ILN will not reduce weed control.