Peak lung function during young adulthood and future long-term blood pressure variability: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

Abstract

Background and aimsLong-term blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with cardiovascular events independent of mean blood pressure (BP); however, little is known about its predictors. MethodsUsing data from the CARDIA study, we investigated the association between peak lung-function and long-term BPV in 2917 individuals (mean age 24.8 years, 45.3% males, 58.6% whites) who were not taking antihypertensive medications. Lung-function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1-s (FEV1) at years 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20 and the maximum score attained was considered as peak lung-function. Variability independent of the mean (VIM) and coefficient of variation (CV) of BP were calculated to quantify BPV since achieving peak lung-function across 9 visits over 30 years. ResultsIn a multivariate linear regression models, individuals in the 2nd (−0.64 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.19), 3rd (−0.96; −1.47, −0.45), and 4th (−0.85: −1.53, −0.17) quartiles of FVC had lower VIM of systolic BP than the those in quartile 1 (p-trend = 0.005). CV of systolic BP was also lower by −0.58 (−0.98, −0.19), −0.92 (−1.42, −0.43), and −0.74 (−1.40, −0.08) percentage points, in the three progressively higher quartiles of FVC compared to quartile 1 (p-trend = 0.008). Similar findings were observed when the outcome was diastolic BPV. There was no association of FEV1 and FEV1-to-FVC ratio with BPV. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that smaller lung volume or restrictive lung disease during young adulthood, which result in lower peak FVC, may independently increase the risk of higher long-term BPV during middle adulthood.