Peach tree response to low dosages of dicamba as repeated application or with various spray nozzles

Abstract

Abstract Two low-dose dicamba exposure trials were conducted on container-grown peach trees in Fayetteville, AR. Peach trees were ‘July Prince’ scions grafted onto ‘Guardian’ rootstock, were transplanted into 19-L containers, and received experimental dicamba treatments in each year. Container trials were initiated in 2020 and repeated on new trees in 2021. In the repeated application trial, dicamba was applied at 5.6 g ae ha−1 (1/100X field rate) in five sequences: an untreated control receiving no herbicide, one treatment receiving only an initial application, and three treatments receiving an initial application plus sequential applications at the same rate occurring at 14 d, 28 d, and 14 d + 28 d after initial treatment (DAT). A separate trial assessed peach tree responses to dicamba applied at 11.2 g ae ha−1 (1/50X field rate) using a selection of nozzles with differing droplet spectrum characteristics: Turbo TeeJet® induction nozzle TTI11002, air induction turbo TwinJet® nozzle AITTJ60-11002, air induction extended-range (XR) TeeJet® nozzle AIXR11002, XR TeeJet® flat-fan nozzle XR11002, and XR TeeJet® flat-fan nozzle XR1100067. Peach tree height, tree cross-sectional area, and leaf chlorophyll content were not reduced in response to any sequence of dicamba application or nozzle selection. Repeated applications of dicamba at a 1/100X rate did not increase peach injury after 28 DAT. By 84 DAT, no effect of nozzle type on peach tree injury was discernable, and all treatments caused below 4% injury. No dicamba or dicamba metabolites were observed in leaf samples collected at 14, 69, or 85 DAT from trees treated with XR1100067 or in untreated controls. While peach tree injury was observed throughout the experiment, dicamba residues were detected consistently only in 2020 from leaf samples of trees treated with dicamba at a 1/50X rate using TTI1102, AITTJ60-11002, AIXR11002, and XR11002 nozzles.