Abstract
Introduction Diagnosis of the gastric mucosa atrophy represents an important problem, the solution of which depends on the possibility of secondary prevention of gastric cancer. A possible way of solution is the use of immunohistochemical markers - proteins associated with cellular remodeling of gastric mucosa, PDCD4 and CDX2.The aim of the work is to evaluate the possibility of using immunohistochemical markers PDCD4 and CDX-2 to diagnose atrophy of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis and increase the informative value of biopsy examination.Materials and method The object of the study was 155 cases of biopsy examination of the gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis (5 fragments per case − 775 biopsy specimens). A comparative semi-quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical expression of CDX2, PDCD4 at different stages of chronic gastritis was performed. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess correlation relationship.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the level of PDCD4 in studied samples depending on the stage of chronic gastritis, p=0.06. Statistically significant increase of CDX2sum index in progressing stage of chronic atrophic gastritis (p=0.005), demonstrated a pronounced positive correlation r=0.70 (p<0.01).Discussion According to the results obtained, it is shown that the decline in PDCD4 protein does not occur with the progression of atrophy severity. Complementary use of immunohistochemical marker CDX2 is able to give an idea of the presence and severity of both metaplastic and absolute atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa.Conclusion Equally high level of PDCD4 protein index in the gastric mucosa at different stages of chronic gastritis excludes the possibility of its use as an immunohistochemical marker of atrophy. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical index of CDX2 protein can be used as an additional marker in decision support system for assessment of atrophic changes in gastric mucosa.
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