Abstract
A novel magnetic catalyst, (SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd) was synthesized by growing of poly(1-vinylimidazole) on the surface of ionic liquid decorated magnetic S-doped graphitic carbon nitride, followed by stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. Catalytic activity of the prepared heterogeneous catalyst was explored for the catalytic reduction of hazardous dyes, methyl orange and Rhodamine B, in the presence of NaBH4. Besides, the effects of the reaction variables on the catalytic activity were investigated in detail. The kinetics study established that dye reduction was the first order reaction and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 72.63 kJ/mol and 68.35 kJ/mol1 for methyl orange and Rhodamine B dyes, respectively. Moreover, ΔS# and ΔH# values for methyl orange were found to be − 33.67 J/mol K and 68.39 kJ/mol respectively. These values for Rhodamine B were − 45.62 J/mol K and 65.92 kJ/mol. The recycling test verified that the catalyst possessed good stability and reusability, thereby making it a good candidate for the catalytic purposes. Furthermore, a possible catalytic mechanism for dye catalytic reduction over SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd was proposed.
Highlights
Dyes and pigments are widely used in cosmetics, textiles, paper, printing and many other industries
Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are the most promising nanoparticles served in several industries and academic synthetic chemistry laboratories as effective catalysts for many organic reactions[13]
In the pursuit of our research on the design of novel hybrid catalytic systems based on g-C3N449–51 and IL52–54, we report the synthesis of a novel magnetic heterogeneous hybrid catalyst
Summary
Element doping approach can increase some defects of bulk g-C3N434, 35, providing more active sites for binding target ions. The prepared SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/ Pd nanocomposite was used as a magnetic catalyst for the catalytic reduction of MO and RhB in the presence of N aBH4. The influence of SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd loading on MO and RhB catalytic reduction was assessed In this regard, the catalytic performances of different amounts of catalyst (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg) were evaluated under similar operating condition (performing the reaction at room temperature, in water as solvent). Considering the importance of the reuse of the heterogeneous catalysts in the practical application, the recyclability of SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd for the reduction reaction of both dyes was examined To accomplish this purpose, SGCN/Fe3O4/PVIs/Pd was separated by applying an external magnetic from the reaction mixture and employed for the reaction run under the same reaction condition. This experiment was repeated at four temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C)
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