Pd nanoparticles fabricated cyano-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15: A novel heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions and anti-human lung cancer effects

Abstract

A novel Pd (0) nanoparticles anchored over cyano modified SBA-15 was synthesized and characterized with different physicochemical techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, X-ray elemental mapping and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Pd content on the catalyst surface was determined to be 0.12 mmol/g by induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The composite surface material was described as a novel heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the ligand-free C–C bond formation using Suzuki-Miyaura coupling at room temperature in air without the use of inert atmosphere. It afforded excellent yields in short reaction time. The catalyst was recovered and recycled 12 times without a significant loss of catalytic activity. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung cancer properties of catalyst, MTT assay was used on the common human lung cancer cell lines i.e., moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of lung (LC-2/ad), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of lung (PC-14), and well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1). The catalyst had high anti-human lung cancer and very low cell viability potentials dose-dependently against LC-2/ad, PC-14, and HLC-1 cell lines. The best result of anti-human lung cancer effects was observed in the case of the PC-14 cell line. After approving the above results in the clinical trial studies, catalyst may be used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of human lung cancer.