PD-FMCW: Push the Limit of Device-Free Acoustic Sensing Using Phase Difference in FMCW

Abstract

Device-free acoustic sensing has obsessed with renovating human-computer interaction techniques for all-sized mobile devices in various applications. Recent advances have explored sound signals in different methods to achieve highly accurate and efficient tracking and recognition. However, accuracies of most approaches remain bottlenecked by the limited sampling rate and narrow bandwidth, leading to restrictions and inconvenience in applications. To bridge over the aforementioned daunting barriers, we propose PD-FMCW, a novel ultrasound-based device-free tracking scheme that can distinctly improve the resolution of fine-grained sensing to submillimetre level. In its heart lies an original Phase Difference based approach leveraging the Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave to derive the reflected time delay, thus precisely inferring absolute distance, catering to interaction needs of tinier perception with lower delay. The distance resolution of PD-FMCW is only related to the speed of actions and chirp duration. We implement a prototype with effective denoising methods all in the time domain on smartphones. The evaluation results show that PD-FMCW achieves accuracies of 2.5 mm, 3.6 mm, and 2.1 mm in distance change, path length change, and trajectory tracking error respectively. PD-FMCW is also valid in recognizing 2 mm or even tinier micro-movements, which paves the way for more delicate sensing work.