Pd(5%)-KIT-6, Pd(5%)-SBA-15 and Pd(5%)-SBA-16 catalysts in water extract of pomegranate ash: A case study in heterogenization of Suzuki-Miyaura reaction under external base and ligand free conditions

Abstract

Real heterogenization of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) is arduous quest owing to unavoidable homogeneous mechanism of heterogeneous catalysts. This article reports a study of heterogenization of SMC using mesoporous silica supported Pd-nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) under ligand and external base free conditions. Pd-mesoporous silica catalysts such as Pd-KIT-6, Pd (5%)-SBA-16 and Pd (5%)-SBA-15 were synthesized and studied for SMC in water extract of pomegranate ash (WEPA). Pd (5%)-KIT-6 was the best amongst, and successful reusability of Pd (5%)-KIT-6 and hot-filtration experiments indicated its high stability, conveys pure heterogenous mechanism over inevitable homogenous mechanism. The large choice of substrates, high stability of the catalyst in green and renewable medium & base systems, and absence of ligands are the luminary potencies of this inquest.