Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in various malignant diseases. However, anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy has not shown clinical efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM). To enhance the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in MM, elaborate characterization of tumor (myeloma) antigen-specific T cells is an essential prerequisite. In addition, the role of immunosuppressive factors abundant in the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients need to be considered.

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