PD-1 and PD-L1 Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma as the top10 diagnosed cases of cancer. The treatment strategies such as surgical or ablative therapies works on early diagnosed patients but rarely works on metastat-ic RCC patients. However, nearly 30% of patients developed into metastases. As the common strategies that target the VEGF pathway, resistance is common in tumours, thus, more prom-ising method development is imperative. To overcome the evasion strategies, immune check-point inhibitors is promising treatment strategies. For renal cell carcinoma treatment, the an-ti-PD-1 medicine, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, and anti-PD-L1 medicine, Avelumab shows better outcome under the clinical trials. Despite the resistance situation occurs in some cases, immunotherapy anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 showed better outcomes in both ORR and OS compare with targeted molecular monotherapy. Recently, the combination of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 with targeted drug (for example, TKI) or other type of immune checkpoint inhibi-tor (for example, CTLA-4) provides new perspectives.