Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess whether risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are similar by sex. We conducted a pooled analysis using National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) - National Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance Data (2000-2015) to determine period prevalence of major CVD, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke along with the commonly known risk factors stratified by sex among the adults in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results. Analyses were conducted using SAS. Between 2000 and 2015, age-standardised prevalence (ASP) for major CVD, AMI, CHD, and stroke were 7.56%, 3.14%, 4.10%, and 2.47%, respectively. ASP of all the CVD categories were higher among males compared to females (major CVD: 9.07% vs. 6.29%; AMI: 4.34% vs. 2.11%; CHD: 5.54% vs. 2.90%; Stroke: 2.50% vs. 2.43%). Interestingly, ASP of some of the known risk factors such as smoking, physical inactivity and hypertension were higher in females as compared to males (smoking: 80.59% vs. 78.81%; physical inactivity: 36.04% vs. 31.73%; hypertension: 94.00% vs. 89.20%). Prevalence of CVD was higher among males whereas, females had a more diverse profile of CVD risk factors. This suggests substantial scope for risk factors such as sex, in probably being able to predict CVD more accurately and improve management of the disease.
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