Abstract
This study aimed to detect Salmonella from retail meat collected from nine wet markets in Metro Manila, and identify the subtypes of Salmonella isolates using molecular serotyping assays from previously developed primers. Of the 720 collected meat samples, 57.64% were found to be Salmonella-contaminated. The most predominant serogroup was Salmonella O:3, and Salmonella serogroups O:4, O:6,7, O:8, O:9, and undetermined serogroups were also found. Most frequently detected isolates in bovine meat were S. 3:e,h:1,6 (putative identity: S. Anatum) and S: 4:e,h:1,2 (putative identity: S. Saintpaul), in porcine meat was S. 3:e,h:1,6 (putative identity: S. Anatum), and S. 8:i:z6 (putative identity: S. Kentucky) was common in poultry products. This study also demonstrated retail meat samples were contaminated with multiple Salmonella serogroups and serovars. This is the first Philippine study that utilized PCR-based assays to characterize Salmonella isolates down to a serovar level and provides baseline information regarding Salmonella prevalence and serovar distribution in retail meat. Molecular serotyping performed in this study can be used as an alternative approach to traditional serotyping in surveillance of Salmonella in the Philippines since the latter is expensive, time-consuming, and requires skilled technicians.
Highlights
Salmonella is considered one of the most significant pathogens associated with food-borne diseases and outbreaks in the world [1,2]
We investigated the Salmonella prevalence in raw and processed meat samples collected from nine wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines from 2015–2016 using PCRbased assay
Multiple Salmonella serogroups were detected in DNA extracted using template extraction protocols (TEP) I and II, further isolation and purification steps were applied to revived Salmonella isolates
Summary
Salmonella is considered one of the most significant pathogens associated with food-borne diseases and outbreaks in the world [1,2]. It is estimated to cause approximately 93.8 million human infections and 155,000 deaths annually worldwide [3] and major economic losses in poultry and livestock industries [4]. The genus Salmonella is classified into serovars, which are based on the presence of somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. Serotyping has been essential in public health monitoring of Salmonella infection for more than 80 years [5]. White-Kauffman-Le Minor (WKL) scheme contains the organized list of 2,659 serovars, which were characterized by serological agglutination of 46 somatic and 119 flagellar antigens [6,7].
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