Abstract
Early infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pediatrics with the use of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way of assessing the retroviral status of HIV-exposed infant with the view of early commencement of treatment for infected infants. It also serves as a way of assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in health care facilities. This was a 5-year prospective cross-sectional study at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, (EkSUTH) Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Babies delivered to HIV-positive mothers who presented at EkSUTH between January 2010 and December 2014 were enrolled in the present study. PCR was done twice for all HIV-exposed infants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. One hundred and fifty eight infants were HIV exposed; 72 males and 86 females (M:F= 0.84:1). Eighty eight (55.7%) of the mothers had commenced highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) before pregnancy, 56 (35.4%) during pregnancy, and 14 (8.9%) after delivery. Ten (6.3%) babies tested positive. Four (28.6%) of 14 exposed babies whose mothers commenced HAART after delivery tested positive to HIV compared to 3 (5.4%) of 56 babies whose mother commenced HAART during pregnancy and 3 (3.4%) of 88 babies whose mother commenced HAART before pregnancy. The difference was statistically significant (c(2) = 13.28, df = 4, p = 0.01). There is significant reduction in transmission of HIV from mothers to children with commencement of antiretroviral drugs before pregnancy in mothers and use of Nevirapine for all exposed babies for the first 6 weeks of life. Infants of HIV positive mothers can live healthy life free of HIV infection if their mothers participate in PMTCT program.
Highlights
Methodologyhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is still a disease of public health importance and mother to child transmission (MTCT) is one of the major routes of spread of the virus.[1]
Nigeria has about 3 million people living with HIV and the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) is about 4.4% with mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurring in about 10% of these.[4,6]
One hundred and fifty eight HIV-exposed infants did DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test during the study period and this comprised of 72 males and 86 females giving a male to female ratio of 0.84:1 (Table I)
Summary
MethodologyHIV/AIDS is still a disease of public health importance and mother to child transmission (MTCT) is one of the major routes of spread of the virus.[1]. Infant diagnosis (EID) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pediatrics with the use of DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a way of assessing the retroviral status of HIVexposed infant with the view of early commencement of treatment for infected infants. It serves as a way of assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in health care facilities. Infants of HIV positive mothers can live healthy life free of HIV infection if their mothers participate in PMTCT program
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