PCR markers for mutated S-haplotypes enable discrimination between self-incompatible and self-compatible sour cherry selections

Abstract

Tetraploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) whereby the specificity of self-pollen rejection is controlled by alleles of the stylar and pollen specificity genes, the S-RNase and SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein gene), respectively. As sour cherry selections can be either self-compatible (SC) or self-incompatible (SI), polyploidy per se does not result in SC. Instead, the genotype dependent loss of SI in sour cherry is due to the accumulation of non-functional S-haplotypes. The presence of two or more non-functional S-haplotypes within sour cherry 2x pollen renders that pollen SC. We previously determined that sour cherry has non-functional S-haplotypes for the S 1 -, S 6 - and S 13 -haplotypes that are also present in diploid sweet cherry (P. avium L.). The mutations underlying these non-functional S-haplotypes have been determined to be structural alterations of either the S-RNase or SFB. Based on these structural alterations we designed derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers and S-haplotype specific primer pairs that took advantage of either the length polymorphisms between S-haplotypes, differential S-haplotype sequences, or differential restriction enzyme cut sites. These primer pairs can discriminate among the mutant and wild-type S-haplotypes thereby enabling the identification of the S-haplotypes present in a sour cherry individual. This information can be used to determine whether the individual is either SC or SI. In a sour cherry breeding program, the ability to discriminate between SI and SC individuals at the seedling stage so that SI individuals can be discarded prior to field planting, dramatically increases the program’s efficiency and cost-effectiveness.