Abstract
ABSTRACT Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS), also known as canine leprosy, is a cutaneous nodular infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium sp.. Despite being reported worldwide, it is still quite unknown and underdiagnosed. Diagnosis may be achieved by cytopathology or histopathology of skin lesions, but identification of the infectious agent is complex, since bacterial in vitro growth is not possible, relying upon molecular techniques such as PCR to confirm Mycobacterium DNA in the sample. We report a CLGS case in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, diagnosed by cytopathology and submitted to molecular identification of the agent. PCR amplification of hsp65 gene was performed and revealed 100% genetic homology to M. murphy strain. This is the first CLGS report with molecular identification in Rio de Janeiro state, and this finding should raise awareness about CLGS as a differential diagnosis among granulomatous skin diseases in this region.
Highlights
Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS) is a cutaneous disease caused by Mycobacterium infection
Because we use sequencing of part of hsp65 as the routine procedure in our laboratory for identification of Mycobacterium to the species level, we applied this system for the identification of the acid-fast bacilli and 100% homology was observed with the hsp65 sequence of M. murphy
Since negative-stained bacilli in routine cytology and histopathology stains can be hard to find and in vitro growth requirements for these bacteria have not yet been established, molecular diagnosis is extremely useful for CLGS diagnosis
Summary
Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS) is a cutaneous disease caused by Mycobacterium infection. It presents itself as single or multiple nodules commonly appearing on the dorsal ear fold (Malik et al, 2006; Malik et al, 2013). This report focuses on a confirmed case of CLGS with molecular identification of species in the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Citology (FNC) was obtained and stained in Giemsa, revealing pyogranulomatous inflammation, with negative stained bacilli inside macrophages (Figure 2A). Mycobacterium was suspected and a new sample by FNC was stained in acid-fast stain, revealing positive stained bacilli inside and outside macrophages Excisional biopsy was performed, and samples were submitted to histopathology, culturing, and molecular analysis (Figure 3).
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