Abstract
Routine measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has resulted in the increased number of prostate biopsies. The lower age-related reference values of PSA have in its turn led to the larger number of unnecessary prostate biopsies (to the hyperdiagnosis of clinically insignificant PC). Biopsy can presently identify prostate cancer (PC) in only 35 % of the patients with total PSA level of 4–10 ng/ml and PSA-negative PC in 20–25 %. The diagnostic potentialities of PSA as an independent marker have been obviously exhausted. The new PC oncomarkers described in the latest literature are certain to deserve meticulous attention and investigation. From a variety of oncomarkers, PCA3 is most promising biomarker. PCA3 versus total PSA or its other derivatives is the best predictor of PC during primary or repeated prostate biopsy. Some publications show that PCA3 may be used to schedule primary or repeated prostate biopsy, by constructing risk nomograms, in conjunction with other individu-al indicators of a patient’s examination, including those with other newest biomarkers for PC. The use of PCA3 in everyday practice may assist in increasing the specificity of PC diagnosis and in reducing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
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