Abstract
The homogeneous, intensity modulated salinity sensor using the photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) is proposed and designed for monitoring the salinity of the seawater from 0% to 100% (0 g/L to 100 g/L) at 25 °C. The concentration of the salinity in the seawater changes the refractive index of the seawater. The change in the refractive index of the seawater brings the change in the output signal intensity of the sensor as the seawater flows inside the sensor. By detecting the output power and mapping the salinity level, the salinity can be evaluated. The proposed sensor is composed of periodic Si rods embedded in an air host with a circular PCRR placed between the inline quasi waveguides. Approximately, 2.69% of output power reduction is observed for every 5% (5 g/L) increase in the salinity as the seawater has a unique refractive index for each salt level. With this underlying principle, the performance of the sensor is analyzed for different temperatures.
Highlights
Salinity measurement is very important and critical for many industrial fields, such as marine environment monitoring, seasonal climate prediction, military engineering, solar engineering, fishing, offshore oil exploration [1]
The proposed sensor is composed of periodic Si rods embedded in an air host with a circular photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) placed between the inline quasi waveguides
2.69% of output power reduction is observed for every 5% (5 g/L) increase in the salinity as the seawater has a unique refractive index for each salt level
Summary
Salinity measurement is very important and critical for many industrial fields, such as marine environment monitoring, seasonal climate prediction, military engineering, solar engineering, fishing, offshore oil exploration [1]. Since physical methods are associated with electrical measurements, they can be affected by electrical interference This problem could be avoided by using optical techniques for determining and monitoring the salinity of the seawater. Fiber optic sensors have attracted the keen attention due to their unique properties such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, small sensing unit, safety in hazards or explosive environments, the possibility of processing the signal at large distances and the ability to work under high temperature, high voltage. PC/PCRR based sensors were reported for chemical [11], biosensing [12], force, strain and pressure sensing applications [13,14,15,16], civil, geotechnical [17], for aqueous environment [18] and underwater acoustic measurement [19] etc. The variation of the output power with respect to the salinity at different temperatures is discussed
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